The Origin of the Scottish Rite of Freemasonry
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In 1740,
Chevalier Ramsey, a Scottish nobleman, gave some famous lectures in Paris
and Bordeaux on the origin and objects of Masonry. He subdivided the "Three
Degrees" and concocted degrees from the parts explained by his philosophic
lectures. He established a Lodge which he called Harodim, but the French
styled it Scotchman's Lodge Masonry, which fact may have had something
to do with the misnomer, Scottish Rite. The Scottish
Rite had its beginning in France. In 1754, the Chevalier de Bonneville
established in the College of Clermont in Paris a chapter of twenty-five
so-called "High Degrees." This college was a sort of refuge
for the Stuarts of Scotland, which fact may have had some bearing on the
name Scottish Rite. The body established by Bonneville, including the
three symbolic degrees, was called the Rite of Perfection. In 1758, these
Degrees were taken by Marquis de Lernais to Berlin where they in the following
year were placed under a body called the Council of the Emperors of the
East and West, which was formed at Paris from the ruins of the Clermont
Chapter.
In 1762, it is said that Frederick the Great "formed and promulgated" what is known as the Constitutions of 1762. In 1786, a reorganization took place in which eight degrees were added to the twenty-five and the name changed to the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry. By these Constitutions, Frederick resigned the authority of Grand Commander, which title he had held since the adoption of the Grand Constitutions in 1762, and deposited his Masonic prerogatives with a council in each nation to be composed of Sovereign Grand Inspectors General of the Thirty-third and last degree of Freemasonry. |